To make a standard recipe free of white flour, substitute one of the follow:
1- 3/8 cups barley flour for 1 cup white flour
1 cup corn flour for 1 cup white flour
7/8 cup corn meal for each cup white flour
3/8 cup potato flour for 1 cup of white flour
7/8 cup rice flour for each cup of white flour
1 cup rye meal for 1 cup white flour
1-1/2 cups ground rolled oats or 1 cup oat flour for 1 cup white flour
1 cup whole wheat flour for 1 cup white flour.
1 cup of wheat flour equals...
7/8 cup amaranth
7/8 cup garbanzo bean
7/8 cup chickpea (garbanzo)
3/4 cup corn flour
1 cup cornmeal
3/4 cup millet flour
3/4 cup oat flour
5/8 cup potato flour
3/4 cup potato starch
7/8 cup rice flour
3/4 cup soy flour
Important - Always use a double portion of baking powder with dark flour. Recipes when converting a white flour recipe to a dark flour. Average use is 2.5 tsp. baking powder to each cut of flour.
Substitution of various flour for white flour recipes gives new and exciting flavors. Corn flour thickens sauces better than cornstarch and may be used in the same proportions as white flour. It also combines well with other flours in making muffins
Oat FlourOat flour tends to make the mixture pasty or gummy, almost a glue-like texture. Using only oat flour would not work as a white flour substitution for that reason.
Mixing oat flour with rice flour, though, works quite well since their characteristics offset each other.
Rice FlourRice flour tends to make the mixture more granular, loose or grainy in texture. This nicely offsets the nature of oat flour when the two are used in combination, making the result a quite acceptable substitute for white flour.
I also read that short grain is what you want to use for baking. Long grain use for breading, sauces and as a thickner but NOT for baking.
And rice flour in cookies will make for a crunchier cookie!
Buckwheat Flour
Despite its name, buckwheat flour has no wheat or gluten in it. It will work the same as white or lite wheat flour in theory, but in practice has such a strong, unique flavor to it that a little of it in any mixture goes a long way.
Of course, if you absolutely love the taste of buckwheat, you could certainly use it as a one to one substitute for white flour.
We add buckwheat to stabilize the other flours and add a touch of that unique flavor to the mixture.
Flax Seed
Ground up flax seed doesn't hold together well enough to be a main ingredient in a flour substitution, but it works well as a minor ingredient.
Flax seed adds in a nice texture and taste to whatever you're baking, and of course comes with numerous nutritional benefits.